Introduction

Strong and adaptable, the Cytron MD25HV 25Amp DC Motor Driver is made to manage brushed DC motors with a maximum continuous current of 25A and a maximum peak current of 70A. With a broad input voltage range of 10V to 45V, it is perfect for high-power uses including automation systems, robots, and electric cars. The MD25HV guarantees effective and dependable motor performance with features including bidirectional control, different control interfaces (PWM, analog, and RC), and integrated protective systems.

Description

The Cytron MD25HV 25Amp DC Motor Driver is a motor driver of superior quality that provides dependable and effective performance for applications involving high-powered DC motors. This device is equipped with sophisticated over-current protection and thermal shutdown capabilities, which guarantee a safe and dependable functioning even when subjected to heavy loads. Your direct current (DC) motors can be controlled in a manner that is both precise and responsive thanks to the driver's high PWM frequency and wide voltage range functionality.

BOARD LAYOUT & FUNCTION

Table 1: MD25HV Board Functions

Function

Description

Power InputTerminal

Connect to battery.

VB+ : Positive
VB- : Negative

Warning : Connecting in reverse polarity will damage the motor driver instantaneously.

Motor OutputTerminal

Connect to motor terminal.

Motor direction is depending on the polarity.

Power LED

Turn on when powerup.

Error LED

Blink when there is error.

OC (Overcurrent) LED

Turn on when currentlimiting is in action.

Current limit threshold is depending on the boardtemperature.

Motor StatusLEDs

Turn on when the motor is running.

MA : Forward*
MB : Backward*

Test Buttons

Press to test thefunctionality of themotor driver. Motor will run at 78% of full speed.

MA : Forward*
MB : Backward*

PWM/DIR Input

Control themotor with PWM/DIR signal.

PWM : PWM input for motor speedcontrol.
DIR :Direction input.
5VO : 5V Output. Can be used to powerArduino and other MCU.
GND : Signal ground.

Speed Control Potentiometer

Connect to 10KΩ potentiometer for motor speedcontrol.

POT 1 (GND) : Connect to pin 1 of thepot (Lowest speed).
POT 2 (Analog In) : Connectto pin 2 of thepot (Middle pin).
POT 3 (5V) : Connect to pin 3 of the pot(Highest speed).

Direction Switch

Connect to SPDT Switchfor motor direction control. MA and MB are internally pulled high.

MA : Short to GND to run forward*.
COM : Commonpin. Connected to GND internally.
MB : Short to GND to run backward*.

* Actual motor direction depends on the motor connection. Swapping the connections (MA & MB) will reverse the direction.

SPECIFICATIONS

Table 2: MD25HV Absolute Maximum Ratings

No	Parameters	Min	Max	Unit
1	Power InputVoltage	7	58	V
2	Maximum MotorCurrent (Continuous)	-	25	A
3	Maximum MotorCurrent (Peak)	-	60	A
4	5V Output Voltage	4.9	5.1	V
5	5V Output Maximum Current	-	250	mA
6	Potentiometer AnalogInput Voltage (POT2)	0	5	V
7	Direction SwitchInput Voltage - Low Level(MA, MB)	0	0.8	V
8	Direction SwitchInput Voltage - High Level(MA, MB)	3	5	V
9	Logic InputVoltage - Low Level (PWM,DIR)	0	0.8	V
10	Logic InputVoltage - HighLevel (PWM, DIR)	3	30	V
11	PWM Input Frequency*	DC	40	KHz
12	Motor DriverOutput PWM Frequency (Output frequency is independent of input frequency)	16		KHz

* Lock-Antiphase PWM is not supported.

DIMENSION

Figure 2: MD25HV Dimension

INPUT MODE 1: PWM/DIR INPUT

Figure 3: PWM/DIR Input Connection Diagram

Table 3: PWM/DIR Input Truth Table

PWM	DIR	Output A (MA)	Output B (MB)	Motor
Low	X (Don’t Care)	Low	Low	Brake
High	Low	High	Low	Forward*
High	High	Low	High	Backward*

* Actual motor direction depends on the motor connection. Swapping the connections (MA & MB) will reverse the direction.

INPUT MODE 2: POTENTIOMETER/SWITCH INPUT

Figure 4: Potentiometer/Switch Input Connection Diagram

PROTECTION FEATURES

Overcurrent Protection with Active Current Limiting

When the motor tries to draw more current than what the motor driver can supply, the PWM to the motor will be chopped off and the motor current will be maintained at the maximum current limit. This prevents the motor driver from damage when the motor stalls or an oversized motor is hooked up. The OC LED will turn on when current limiting is in action.

Temperature Protection

The maximum current limiting threshold is determined by the board temperature. The higher the board temperature, the lower the current limiting threshold. This way, MD25HV is able to deliver its full potential depending on the actual condition without damaging the MOSFETs.

Figure 5: Maximum Current Limit vs Temperature Graph

(Visual representation not possible in text format. Please refer to the official Cytron documentation for the diagram.)

Undervoltage Shutdown

The motor driver output will shut down when the power input voltage drops below the lower limit. This is to make sure the MOSFETs have sufficient voltage to fully turn on and do not overheat. The ERR LED will turn on during undervoltage shutdown.

ERROR LED INDICATOR

Table 4: Error LED Indicator

ERR LED Blinking

DESCRIPTION

MOSFET Driver Error

This happens when there is undervoltage erroror hardware failure. Please contact support@cytron.io for more details.

Overvoltage Error

Power input voltage has exceeded the maximum rating. If switching power supply is being used, connect a motor shunt regulator or rechargeable battery with same voltage in parallel with the power supply.This is to absorb the regenerative energyfrom the motorduring deceleration.

Overheat Error

Board temperature is over 80℃ (176℉). Thisis just servedas a warning. The motor driver can still be safely operated.

Setup Guide

To set up the Cytron MD25HV 25Amp DC Motor Driver, follow these steps:

Connect the driver to your power supply and DC motor, ensuring proper polarity.
Connect the driver to your microcontroller or control board using the PWM and direction control pins.
Power on the system and test the motor's operation using the control board or microcontroller.
Adjust the PWM frequency and duty cycle to achieve the desired motor speed and torque.

Cytron Troubleshooting

Motor Does Not Run
- Possible Causes
  - No power supply or insufficient voltage.
  - Incorrect wiring or loose connections.
  - Faulty motor.
  - PWM signal not present or incorrect.
- Solutions
  - Check the power supply voltage to ensure it is within the 10V to 45V range.
  - Verify all connections, ensuring they are secure and correctly wired as per the user manual.
  - Test the motor independently to ensure it is functioning correctly.
  - Ensure the PWM signal is being sent correctly and is within the supported frequency range (up to 20 kHz).
Motor Runs in Wrong Direction
- Possible Causes
  - Incorrect motor wiring (MA & MB connections swapped).
  - Incorrect DIR signal.
- Solutions
  - Swap the MA & MB motor connections.
  - Verify that the DIR signal is correctly set for the desired direction.
Overcurrent Protection Activated (OC LED On)
- Possible Causes
  - Motor is drawing too much current (stall condition or oversized motor).
  - Short circuit in motor wiring.
- Solutions:
  - Check for mechanical obstructions or excessive load causing the motor to stall.
  - Ensure the motor used is within the driver's current capacity.
  - Inspect motor wiring for any short circuits or damage.
Undervoltage Shutdown (ERR LED On)
- Possible Causes
  - Power supply voltage is too low.
  - Poor power supply connections.
- Solutions
  - Ensure the power supply voltage is within the specified range (10V to 45V).
  - Check and secure all power supply connections.

Pros & Cons

Pros
- High continuous current rating
- Advanced over-current protection
- Wide voltage range
- Precise and responsive control
Cons
- May be overkill for low-powered applications
- Can be susceptible to overheating under extreme loads

Customer Reviews

Customers have praised the Cytron MD25HV 25Amp DC Motor Driver for its high-powered performance and reliable operation. However, some have noted issues with overheating under extreme loads. Overall, the driver has received positive reviews and is recommended for high-powered DC motor applications.

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